Global gene expression profiling was performed using RNA from human embryonic neural stem cells (hENSC), and adult\r\nhuman olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells (OBNSCs), to define a gene expression pattern and signaling pathways that\r\nare specific for each cell lineage. We have demonstrated large differences in the gene expression profile of human\r\nembryonic NSC, and adult human OBNSCs, but less variability between parallel cultures. Transcripts of genes involved in\r\nneural tube development and patterning (ALDH1A2, FOXA2), progenitor marker genes (LMX1a, ALDH1A1, SOX10),\r\nproliferation of neural progenitors (WNT1 and WNT3a), neuroplastin (NPTN), POU3F1 (OCT6), neuroligin (NLGN4X), MEIS2,\r\nand NPAS1 were up-regulated in both cell populations. By Gene Ontology, 325 out of 3875 investigated gene sets were\r\nscientifically different. 41 out of the 307 investigated Cellular Component (CC) categories, 45 out of the 620 investigated\r\nMolecular Function (MF) categories, and 239 out of the 2948 investigated Biological Process (BP) categories were significant.\r\nKEGG Pathway Class Comparison had revealed that 75 out of 171 investigated gene sets passed the 0.005 significance\r\nthreshold. Levels of gene expression were explored in three signaling pathways, Notch, Wnt, and mTOR that are known to\r\nbe involved in NS cell fates determination. The transcriptional signature also deciphers the role of genes involved in\r\nepigenetic modifications. SWI/SNF DNA chromatin remodeling complex family, including SMARCC1 and SMARCE1, were\r\nfound specifically up-regulated in our OBNSC but not in hENSC. Differences in gene expression profile of transcripts\r\ncontrolling epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways might indicate differences in the therapeutic potential of our\r\nexamined two cell populations in relation to in cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation following\r\nengraftments in different CNS insults.
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